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Chapter Three: What Remains After the Paper Is Taken

The examination in the school hall ends, the candidates get up and go out, and the family stand waiting at the gate and ask: how was it? And the candidate walks home with them. In the greater hall the walking goes the other way: they are the ones who walk with him as far as the door and then turn back, and he is the one who goes on alone. This scene has been described exactly:

«يتبعُ الميّتَ ثلاثةٌ، فيرجعُ اثنانِ ويبقى معه واحد: يتبعُه أهلُه ومالُه وعملُه، فيرجعُ أهلُه ومالُه ويبقى عملُه»

Three things follow the dead person: his family, his wealth and his deeds. Two of them come back, and one stays with him: his family and his wealth return, and his deeds remain.

Sahih al-Bukhari · 6514 — narrated by Anas ibn Malik · graded sound (sahih) by al-BukhariThe Arabic above is the text; the English renders its meaning.

Three follow, two return, and one stays. The family go back from the grave to their houses; the money goes back before that to those who divide it; and the deed remains. And the deed is the one thing nobody in this world ever saw being put down on the paper, the one thing that had no mention and no weight in people's gatherings.

Look at the order in which the three come: family, money, deeds. Two of them are what took most of the candidate's hours in the hall: he stays up for them, he travels for their sake, and for their sake he puts off what cannot be put off. The third is the one he spent scraps of time on, the leftovers of the day. Then the day of leaving comes and the scale turns over: the first two stop at a line they do not cross, and the third goes on with him to where nobody else reaches.

There is no blame here on family or on money. Family is a blessing and money is a blessing, and both are part of the material of the examination in this hall. What is here is a statement of the limits of each: that they keep you company on the road and not at the end of it, and that whatever is turned out of them into a lasting deed is the only part that crosses the gate with you. Money that becomes a public good and an ongoing charity crosses. A child who becomes a righteous caller to God crosses. Whatever is left of them where it was, stays where it was.

In the hall you seeIn the greater hall
A bell you hear minutes before the endNo warning before the Cry
A paper replaced if it is ruinedOne paper, with a door of erasure in it
What is marked is the visible writingWhat is looked at is hearts and deeds
Your family walk with you when you leaveYour family go back, and your deeds stay
The time ends and the paper is forgottenThe time ends and the paper is laid out

The Pen That Writes After the Hand Has Stopped

Shutting the door of writing does not mean the paper is folded up on a fixed amount that never grows again; there is a gentle exception: things a man sets down in the earth that go on writing in his record after his hand has been stilled:

«إذا ماتَ الإنسانُ انقطعَ عنه عملُه إلا من ثلاثة: إلا من صدقةٍ جارية، أو علمٍ يُنتفَعُ به، أو ولدٍ صالحٍ يدعو له»

When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three: an ongoing charity, knowledge people benefit from, or an upright child who prays for him.

Sahih Muslim · 1631 — narrated by Abu Hurayra · graded sound (sahih) by MuslimThe Arabic above is the text; the English renders its meaning.

Three pens left behind in the hall, writing on their owner's behalf while he is outside it: a well a passer-by drinks from without knowing who dug it; a word that was taught and moved from one heart to another and to another; and a child raising his hands at the end of the night for a father under the earth. These alone are what survive the bell.

After the paper is taken

The hall you see

The papers are gathered into one bundle and a string is tied round it. The candidates go out into the yard, laughing and comparing answers, and then they scatter. The bundle is carried to a locked room that nobody enters. And after that not one of them can add or take away a single letter.

The greater hall

The mourners come back from the grave talking about their own affairs, and the owner of the paper is left alone with his deeds. His money is divided in a gathering he does not attend. Then a thirsty man passes a well he made public, and drinks, and prays for him — and a new line is written in a record that people thought had been closed.

The sensible man in this hall is the one who knows when the marking begins and so begins before it, and who goes over his own paper himself before it is gone over for him:

«الكيِّسُ مَن دانَ نفسَه وعمِلَ لما بعدَ الموت، والعاجزُ مَن أتبعَ نفسَه هواها وتمنّى على الله»

The shrewd person is the one who calls himself to account and works for what comes after death; and the helpless one is he who lets his own cravings lead him and then counts on God for the rest.

Sunan al-Tirmidhi · 2459 — narrated by Shaddad ibn Aws · graded good (hasan) by al-TirmidhiThe Arabic above is the text; the English renders its meaning.

This was understood by the man who knew better than anyone how short the time is, and he said a word that became a rule for everyone sitting this examination:

«حاسِبوا أنفسَكم قبلَ أن تُحاسَبوا، وتَزيَّنوا للعَرضِ الأكبر، وإنَّما يخِفُّ الحسابُ يومَ القيامةِ على مَن حاسبَ نفسَه في الدنيا»

Call yourselves to account before you are called to account; and make ready for the great presentation. The reckoning on the Day of Rising will be light only for the one who called himself to account in this world.

Sunan al-Tirmidhi — narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab · graded a report stopping at a Companion (mawquf) — not a saying of the Prophet by al-TirmidhiThe Arabic above is the text; the English renders its meaning.al-Tirmidhi relates it following hadith 2459. It stops at Umar ibn al-Khattab and is not raised to the Prophet ﷺ.

And you, now, having reached the end of this part, have less life left than when you began it. Minutes have gone out of the balance while you read; they will not be given back to you, and they will not be granted a second time. The counter did not stop to let you read, and it will not stop to let you repent. So look at what has been written on your paper in these minutes; for the first bell was rung a long time ago, and you are in the middle of the time, not knowing how much of it is left, or on which line your pen will stop.

Map of this part
The questionWhen did this examination begin, why was its length hidden from the man sitting it, and which of the things you have gathered crosses over with you when the paper is taken?
The path1The cry of birth opens the file and hands over a white record under one name2a paper that is not replaced, holding a door of erasure and a scale that multiplies3a length of time folded away inside the file, its hand in the chest and not on the wall4an end that ambushes with no warning, no extension and no appeal5three follow the one who leaves, two turn back and his deeds stay, and pens that keep writing after the hand is still
The two hallsA bell you hear minutes before the end, a time written on the board, a paper torn up and replaced, an invigilator who may grant an extra minute, and a family who walk home with youa Cry with no warning, a time allowed that is never announced, one paper whose door of erasure stays open as long as the pen is in the hand, no delay once the pen is lifted, and a family who go back from the grave while your deeds alone stay
EvidenceYa-Sin 49–50 · Al-Muminun 99–100 · Al-Munafiqun 10–11 · Sahih al-Bukhari 6491 · Sahih al-Bukhari 6416 · Sahih al-Bukhari 6514 · Sahih Muslim 2759 · Sahih Muslim 1631 · Sunan al-Tirmidhi 2459 · a report from Umar ibn al-Khattab — a Companion's words, not the Prophet's
Where it landsYou own nothing of your paper but the line of this minute; so turn what turns back at the gate into what crosses it, before the pen is lifted.
What to do with it
  1. 1Write today's line today, and do not shift your work into the balance of a tomorrow whose file has not been opened for you.
  2. 2Count your birthday as a year that has left your balance, and go over what was written in it before you blow the candle out.
  3. 3If you have ruined a page, open the door of erasure this hour, and do not wait for a second paper that never comes.
  4. 4Sit the way a stranger sits: do today what you are able to do, and do not build your plan on reaching the end of the time.
  5. 5Turn what turns back at the gate into what crosses it: money into a lasting good in the earth, knowledge into a heart that carries it, and a child who raises his hands for you.
  6. 6Close your night by going over the paper of your day before it is gone over for you, and do not sleep until you have set down one line in it.
In short

The part opens with a cry and not with asking leave: with the first breath a file is opened in the name of one man alone, and a white record is laid before him that no lineage, no tribe and no country shares with him; one paper that is not replaced, except that its door of erasure stays open as long as the pen is in the hand, and its scale multiplies the good deed and adds nothing to the bad. The time allowed is written in the file and never announced, and its hand is not on the wall but in the chest: the heart beats and the breaths are counted. Then the end comes suddenly, in the middle of a word left unfinished, with no warning, no extension and no appeal. And when the paper is taken, family and money and deeds follow their owner; two turn back and one stays; and nothing of the first two crosses over with him except what he turned into a lasting good, or knowledge that passed from one heart to another, or a child who raises his hands. So go over your paper today, before it is gone over for you.